Diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease that is caused by high levels of sugar in the blood. It can also [...]

Foot and ankle problems usually fall into the following categories: Acquired from improper footwear, physical stress, or small mechanical changes [...]

Chilblains are caused by the skin’s abnormal reaction to cold. Circulation is a determining factor for chilblains; people with poor [...]

Alcoholic peripheral neuropathy is a nerve loss condition in the foot caused by the prolonged use of alcoholic beverages. Ethanol, [...]

Acrocyanosis is a painless disorder that affects the arteries supplying blood to the skin of the hands and feet. These [...]

Big toe injuries, known as turf toe, result from hyperextension of the big toe joint as the heel is raised [...]

Subungal exostosis is more commonly referred to as a bone spur under the toenail. This condition is generally caused by [...]

Underlapping toes usually involve the fourth and fifth toes. (A special form of underlapping toes is called congenital curly toes). [...]

Overlapping toes are characterized by one toe lying on top of an adjacent toe. The fifth toe is the most [...]

In-toeing and out-toeing occur when the feet are positioned too far inward or outward when walking. Both conditions may be [...]

Hammertoe is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth toes. In this condition, the toe is bent at the [...]

Hallux Varus is a condition in which the big toe points away from the second toe. It is a possible [...]

An unmovable big toe, known as Hallux Rigidus, is the most common form of arthritis in your foot.   Hallux [...]

Hallux Limitus is a condition that results in stiffness of the big toe joint. It is normally caused by an [...]

Many disorders can affect the joints of the toes, causing pain and preventing the foot from functioning as it should. [...]

Claw toe is caused by nerve damage from diseases like diabetes or alcoholism, which can weaken muscles in the foot. [...]

A bunion is a bone deformity caused by an enlargement of the joint at the base and side of the [...]

Most foot warts are harmless, even though they may be painful. They are often mistaken for corns or calluses, which [...]

Ulcers are skin wounds that are slow to heal. In the foot, as prominent metatarsal heads on the plantar (bottom [...]

Swelling of the feet, ankles and legs, also known as edema, is often caused by an abnormal build-up of fluids [...]

The feet and hands contain more sweat glands than any other part of the body, with roughly 3,000 glands per [...]

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by round, reddish, dry scaley patches covered [...]

Skin lesions refer to any variation in skin color or texture anywhere on the body. Some skin lesions are present [...]

Gangrene is caused by lost blood supply to the foot or bacterial infections that result from open sores or ulcers. [...]

Many people don’t realize they have a fungal nail problem and, therefore, don’t seek treatment. Yet, fungal toenail infections are [...]

Extreme exposure of your feet to cold for a prolonged period can lead to a serious condition called frostbite. Frostbite [...]

Cysts are fluid-filled masses under the skin. Common cysts of the feet include synovial cysts, ganglia, and cutaneous mucoid cysts. [...]

Corns are calluses that form on the toes because of bones that push up against shoes and build up pressure [...]

A callus, also known as hyperkeratosis, is an area of hard, thickened skin that can occur across the ball of [...]

Burning feet refers to a foot sensation that is most frequently experienced by adults over age 50 and those who [...]

Most blisters on the feet are caused by friction and do not require medical attention. New skin will form underneath [...]

Athlete’s Foot, also known as tinea pedis, is a skin disease caused by a fungus that usually occurs between the [...]

Two kinds of skin allergies, or dermatitis, are caused by substances coming in contact with the skin: primary irritant dermatitis [...]

Many people don’t realize they have a fungal nail problem and, therefore, don’t seek treatment. Yet, fungal toenail infections are [...]

Ingrown toenails, also known as onychocryptosis, is usually caused by trimming toenails too short, particularly on the sides of the [...]

Black or darkened toenails are essentially bruised nails and can result from a variety injuries or problems. Darkened nails may [...]

Plantar fasciitis is the term commonly used to refer to heel and arch pain traced to an inflammation on the [...]

Heel fissures is the term for cracking of the skin of the heels. This can be a painful condition that [...]

Heel calluses, also called plantar calluses, develop when one metatarsal bone is longer or lower than the others and it [...]

Haglund’s Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal bursitis) is a painful enlargement on the back of the heel [...]

Since fungal nails are usually more resistant and more difficult to treat than Athlete’s foot, topical or oral antifungal medications [...]

Athlete’s foot and fungal nails are the most common fungal problems with feet. A fungus is a common mold that [...]

Sever’s Disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a disease of the growth plate of the bone and is characterized [...]

Our team of specialists and staff believe that informed patients are better equipped to make decisions regarding their health and [...]

Raynaud’s Disease is a disorder that affects the hands and feet. It is caused by contraction of the smooth muscles [...]

Ollier’s Disease, also known as enchondromatosis, frequently occurs in the small bones in the hands and toes (phalanges) and the [...]

Maffucci’s Syndrome is a very rare form of enchondromatosis that combines multiple enchondromas in bones anywhere in the body with [...]

Kohler’s Disease is a spontaneous loss of blood supply to a particular bone in the foot.   Treatments may include [...]

Kaposi’s Sarcoma is a cancerous lesion that can occur on the soles of the feet. The disease is usually associated [...]

Gout (also known as gouty arthritis) is a condition caused by a buildup of the salts of uric acid (a [...]

Freiberg’s Disease usually begins as a pain in the ball of a child’s foot. Its onset is often linked to [...]

Charcot Foot is a form of arthritis that often develops suddenly and without pain. Without any warning, the bones in [...]

Arthritis is an inflammation and swelling of the cartilage and lining of the joints, generally accompanied by an increase in [...]

Diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease that is caused by high levels of sugar in the blood. It can also [...]

Tarsal coalition is a bone condition that causes decreased motion or absence of motion in one or more of the [...]

Bone spurs are a very common foot problem. In the feet, they develop most frequently in the heel, near the [...]

Sesamoids are small bones that are connected only to tendons or are embedded in muscle. This structure appears in only [...]

The posterior tibial tendon starts in the calf, stretches down behind the inside of the ankle, and attaches to bones [...]

Peroneal tendons support two important foot muscles (Peroneus Brevis and Peroneus Longus) that originate on the outside of the calves. [...]

Osteomyelitis is a type of bacterial bone infection that moves from acute to chronic phases quickly. The infection usually begins [...]

Pain in the area between the arch and toes, or ball of the foot, is generally called metatarsalgia. The pain [...]

Mallet toes are deformities caused by bone and muscle imbalances that become exaggerated in people with active lifestyles. Arthritis can [...]

Our team of specialists and staff believe that informed patients are better equipped to make decisions regarding their health and [...]

Hammertoe is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth toes. In this condition, the toe is bent at the [...]

Hallux Varus is a condition in which the big toe points away from the second toe. It is a possible [...]

Hallux Limitus is a condition that results in stiffness of the big toe joint. It is normally caused by an [...]

Haglund’s Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal bursitis) is a painful enlargement on the back of the heel [...]

Gordon Syndrome is an extremely rare disorder that belongs to a group of genetic disorders known as the distal arthrogryposes. [...]

Flat feet are a common condition of the foot structure. In infants and toddlers, prior to walking, the longitudinal arch [...]

Enchondromas are small benign tumors made up of cartilage that form in the bone beneath the toenail. Enchondromas are the [...]

Dysplasia, also known as epiphysealis hemimelica, is a disorder that affects the bone joints. It is characterized by overgrowth of [...]

Clubfoot is one of the most common, non-life threatening, major birth defects among infants globally. Approximately one in every 1,000 [...]

Claw toe is caused by nerve damage from diseases like diabetes or alcoholism, which can weaken muscles in the foot. [...]

p>A bunion is a bone deformity caused by an enlargement of the joint at the base and side of the [...]

Amniotic Band Syndrome (ABS) is an uncommon congenital abnormality that causes entrapment of fetal parts (usually a limb or digits) [...]

Many sports are hard on the feet because of quick repetitive movements, constricting footwear, and/or increased exposure to injury or [...]

Shin splints refer to pain on either side of the leg bone that is caused by muscle or tendon inflammation. [...]

Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that form in the bone beneath the toenail. Osteochrondromas account for about half of all [...]

Osteochondritis are lesions that usually cause pain and stiffness of the ankle joint and affect all age groups. Osteochondritis is [...]

Nearly one-fourth of all the bones in your body are in your feet. A broken (fractured) bone in your forefoot [...]

According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, doctors have noticed an increase in the number and severity of broken [...]

Ankle sprains are caused by an unnatural twisting or force on the ankle bones of the foot, which may result [...]

Sesamoids are small bones that are connected only to tendons or are embedded in muscle. This structure appears in only [...]

Our team of specialists and staff believe that informed patients are better equipped to make decisions regarding their health and [...]

Pain in the area between the arch and toes, or ball of the foot, is generally called metatarsalgia. The pain [...]

Flat feet are a common condition of the foot structure. In infants and toddlers, prior to walking, the longitudinal arch [...]

Capsulitis is an inflammation of the ligament on the bottom of the foot. It is usually caused by trauma or [...]

Osteochondritis is a lesion that usually causes pain and stiffness of the ankle joint and affects all age groups. Osteochondritis [...]

Chronic lateral ankle pain is recurring or chronic pain on the outside part of the ankle that often develops after [...]

Ankle sprains are caused by an unnatural twisting or force on the ankle bones of the foot, which may result [...]

Xanthomas are cholesterol deposits that appear in the Achilles tendon. High cholesterol levels can cause the formation of these cholesterol [...]

Peroneal tendons are two tendons that support two important foot muscles (peroneus brevis and peroneus longus) that originate on the [...]

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the human body and can withstand forces of 1,000 pounds or more. [...]

A chronic infection caused by various types of fungus, Athlete’s foot is often spread in places where people go barefoot [...]

Erythromelalgia is a rare disorder that results from enlarged blood vessels in the feet. Because the blood vessels are open [...]

Ischemic foot refers to a lack of adequate arterial blood flow from the heart to the foot. There are a [...]

A neuroma is an enlarged, benign growth of nerves, most commonly between the third and fourth toes. Neuromas are caused [...]

Spasms are contractions of the hands, thumbs, feet, or toes and are sometimes seen with muscle cramps, twitching, and convulsions. [...]

Venous stasis is a loss of proper function in the leg veins that normally carry blood back toward the heart. [...]